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Vanguard Chassis How do you remove the chassis of corgi Vanguards models? I have two 1/43 range rovers by vanguards. I want the body of the police car on the chassis of the other range rover beca...
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Military Robots And Unmanned Vehicles Market
WinterGreen Research announces the following study: Military Robots and Unmanned Vehicles Markets, Worldwide, Market Shares, Strategies, and Forecasts, 2010-2016 Military robot automation of the defense process is the next wave of military evolution. As automated systems and networking complement the Internet, communication is facilitated on a global basis. The military charter is shifting to providing protection against terrorists and people seek to maintain a safe, mobile, independent lifestyle. Much of the military mission is moving to adopt a police force training mission, seeking to achieve protection of civilian populations on a worldwide basis. The use of Military Robots s is based on providing a robot that is less expensive to put in the field than a trained soldier. That automation of process has appeal to those who run the military. Key words: military robots, unmanned military vehicles, sensor networks, bomb detection robots, robot drive control, robot batteries
Table of Contents
Military Robots Executive Summary
Military Robots Executive Summary ES-1
Military Ground Robot Market Driving Forces ES-1
Future Combat System (FCS) Program Transitions to
Army Brigade Combat Team Modernization ES-2
Robots Operate Independently ES-2
Military Robots Market Driving Forces 5
Military Ground Robot Market Shares ES-6
BAE Systems Ant Size Robot ES-7
Military Ground Robot Market Forecasts ES-8
1. MILITARY ROBOTS MARKET DESCRIPTION AND MARKET DYNAMICS 1-1
1.1 Delivering Robotic Capabilities to Combat Teams 1-1
1.2 Military Robot Scope 1-2
1.2.1 Military Robot Applications 1-3
1.3 Army's G8 Futures office 1-6
1.3.1 Delivering Capabilities to the Army's Brigade Combat Teams 1-8
1.3.2 Transition Between The Current Market And Where The Market Is Going 1-9
1.3.3 Different Sizes of UGVs 1-10
1.4 Types of Military Robots 1-12
1.4.1 Telerob Explosive Observation Robot and Ordnance Disposal 1-12
1.4.2 QinetiQ North America Talon® Robots Universal Disrupter Mount 1-15
1.4.3 General Dynamics Next-Generation CROWS II Increases Soldiers Safety 1-17
1.4.4 Soldier Unmanned Ground Vehicle from iRobot 1-18
1.5 UGV Enabling Technologies 1-19
1.5.1 Sensor Processing 1-20
1.5.2 Machine Autonomy 1-21
1.6 Military Robot Bandwidth 1-22
1.6.1 UGV Follow-Me Capability 1-22
1.6.2 Communications Bandwidth 1-23
1.6.3 Battery Power 1-23
1.6.4 Combination Of Batteries Linked To Onboard Conventional Diesel 1-24
1.7 SUGVs 1-25
1.7.1 Mid-Size Category UGV 1-25
1.7.2 Large UGV 1-26
1.7.3 U.S. Army Ground Combat Vehicle 1-27
1.7.4 TARDEC 1-28
1.7.5 Tacom 1-29
2. MILITARY GROUND ROBOT MARKET SHARES AND FORECASTS 2-1
2.1 Military Ground Robot Market Driving Forces 2-1
2.1.1 Future Combat System (FCS) Program Transitions to
Army Brigade Combat Team Modernization 2-2
2.1.2 Robots Operate Independently 2-2
2.1.3 Military Robots Market Driving Forces 2-5
2.2 Military Ground Robot Market Shares 2-6
2.2.1 General Dynamics Robotic Systems 2-9
2.2.2 Northrop Grumman Remotec Andros 2-10
2.2.3 Northrop Grumman / Remotec 2-10
2.2.4 Northrop Grumman Remotec UK Wheelbarrow Robots 2-12
2.2.5 iRobot Government & Industrial Robots 2-12
2.2.6 QinetiQ / Foster-Miller 2-15
2.2.7 Qinetiq / Foster-Miller TALON EOD robots 2-16
2.2.8 NAVEODTECHDIV Funds QinetiQ / Foster-Miller Talon Robots 2-17
2.2.9 Foster-Miller TALON Responder and EOD 2-17
2.2.10 Kongsberg CrowsII Military Robot System 2-18
2.2.11 BAE Systems Ant Size Robot 2-19
2.2.12 Telerob Rapid Response Vehicle 2-20
2.2.13 Boston Dynamics 2-21
2.2.14 Robotic Technology Robot 2-21
2.3 Military and First Responder Robot Market Shares 2-23
2.4 Military Ground Robot Market Forecasts 2-27
2.4.1 Mid Range Military Robot Market Forecasts 2-29
2.4.2 High End Military Robots 2-33
2.4.3 Mid Range Unmanned Vehicle UVV Market Forecasts 2-35
2.4.4 High End Unmanned Vehicle UVV Market Forecasts 2-38
2.4.5 SUGVs 2-40
2.4.6 Small Military Robots Used In Networks 2-42
2.4.7 Remotely Controlled Armed Robots Deployed In Iraq 2-45
2.4.8 Robots For Defense And Homeland Security 2-46
2.4.9 U.S. Army Small Unmanned Ground Vehicle (SUGV) 2-47
2.4.10 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, or DARPA Tactical Teams 2-47
2.4.11 Application Scope 2-48
2.4.12 U.S. Military Robots Key to Iraq Surge Success 2-48
2.5 Military Robot Regional Market Analysis 2-50
2.5.1 iRobot Geographic Information 2-52
3. MILITARY ROBOTS PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 3-1
3.1 iRobot 3-1
3.1.1 iRobot® PackBot® 510 with EOD Kit 3-2
3.1.2 iRobot® PackBot® 510 with First Responder Kit 3-3
3.1.3 iRobot® Warrior™ 700 3-4
3.1.4 iRobot® PackBot® 500 with RedOwl Sniper Detection Kit 3-5
3.1.5 iRobot® PackBot® 510 with FasTac Kit 3-8
3.1.6 iRobot® PackBot® 500 with ICx Fido® Explosives Detection Kit 3-8
3.1.7 iRobot® PackBot® 510 with HAZMAT Detection Kit 3-10
3.1.8 iRobot® SeaGlider 3-11
3.1.9 iRobot® Ranger 3-12
3.1.10 iRobot Aware 2.0 Robot Intelligence Software 3-13
3.2 Northrop Grumman 3-14
3.2.1 Andros HD-1 : Compact, Lightweight Platform 3-14
3.2.2 Northrop Grumman Vehicle Data / Communication Links 3-17
3.2.3 Northrop Grumman F6A - Versatile Platform 3-17
3.2.4 Northrop Grumman Vehicle Data / Communication Links 3-20
3.2.5 Northrop Grumman Mark V-A1 - Highly Versatile, Robust, All-Terrain Platform 3-20
3.2.6 Northrop Grumman V-A1 Features 3-22
3.2.7 Northrop Grumman Vehicle Data / Communication Links 3-23
3.2.8 Northrop Grumman Mini-ANDROS II - Compact, Capable, Two-Man-Portable Platform 3-23
3.2.9 Northrop Grumman Mini Andros II Features 3-25
3.2.10 Northrop Grumman Vehicle Data / Communication Links 3-26
3.2.11 Northrop Grumman Wolverine - Outdoor, All-Terrain Workhorse 3-26
3.2.12 Northrop Grumman Wolverine 3-28
3.2.13 Northrop Grumman Vehicle Data / Communication Links 3-29
3.3 General Dynamics 3-30
3.3.1 General Dynamics Next-Generation CROWS II Increases Soldiers Safety 3-31
3.4 Kongsberg 3-33
3.4.1 Kongsberg CrowsII Military Robot System 3-33
3.4.2 Kongsberg Addresses Underwater Diver Incursion 3-34
3.4.3 Kongsberg Norwegian Mine Reconnaissance Program 3-34
3.5 BAE Systems 3-36
3.5.1 BAE Systems Ant Size Robot 3-36
3.5.2 BAE Personal Robots 3-38
3.5.3 BAE Systems Large UGV 3-39
3.6 Lockheed Martin 3-39
3.6.1 Lockheed Martin Multifunction Utility/ Logistics and Equipment Vehicle (MULE) 3-40
3.6.2 Lockheed Martin Large NUWC Manta UUV 3-42
3.6.3 Lockheed Martin Large NUWC Manta UUV For The Offshore Oil Industry 3-44
3.6.4 Lockheed Martin AN/WLD-1 Remote Minehunting System (RMS) 3-44
3.7 QinetiQ North America TALON® Robots 3-48
3.7.1 QinetiQ North America Talon® Robots Universal Disrupter Mount 3-50
3.7.2 Qinetiq / Foster-Miller 3-52
3.7.3 Foster-Miller TALON Family of Military Robots 3-53
3.7.4 Foster-Miller New: Two-Way Hailer 3-54
3.7.5 Foster-Miller TALON Responder 3-54
3.7.6 Foster-Miller EOD Robots 3-56
3.7.7 Foster-Miller SWORDS Robots 3-58
3.7.8 Foster-Miller CBRNE/Hazmat Robots 3-60
3.7.9 Foster-Miller TALON SWAT/MP 3-61
3.7.10 Foster-Miller MAARS Robot 3-62
3.7.11 Foster-Miller Dragon Runner Field Transformable SUGV 3-64
3.7.12 Foster Miller TALON GEN IV Engineer 3-65
3.7.13 Foster Miller TAGS-CX Unmanned Vehicle 3-66
3.7.14 QinetiQ TAGS-CX Unmanned Vehicle 3-67
3.7.15 Combat Engineer Route Clearance Robot 3-70
3.7.16 Talon MAARS™ Robots 3-75
3.8 Telerob 3-78
3.8.1 Telerob - EOD / IEDD Equipment, EOD Robots and Vehicles 3-78
3.8.2 Telerob TEODor Heavy Duty Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Robot 3-80
3.8.3 Telerob Telemax High-Mobility EOD Robot 3-81
3.8.4 Telerob EOD / IEDD Service Vehicles 3-81
3.9 Versa / Allen Vanguard 3-86
3.9.1 Allen Vanguard VANGUARD® ROV 3-88
3.9.2 Allen Vanguard Defender Robot/ROV 3-97
3.9.3 Allen Vanguard ROV-Track CBRNE 3-102
3.10 Boston Dynamics 3-106
3.10.1 Boston Dynamic LittleDog - The Legged Locomotion Learning Robot 3-107
3.10.2 Boston Dynamic PETMAN - BigDog gets a Big Brother 3-109
3.10.3 Boston Dynamic RHex Devours Rough Terrain 3-110
3.10.4 Boston Dynamic RiSE: Climbing Robot 3-112
3.11 Robotic Technology 3-115
3.11.1 RTI Military Memetics (Information Propagation, Impact, and Persistence – Info PIP) Project 3-116
3.11.2 RTI Humanoid And Legged Robots 3-116
3.12 Fujitsu Service Robot (enon) 3-118
3.13 Gostai SOS 3-119
3.14 Kairos Autonomi 3-121
3.15 Scripps Bluefin Robotics Spray glider UUV 3-122
3.15.1 Scripps Bluefin Robotics Spray Glider Sensors, Navigation, and Communications 3-123
3.16 Boeing's AN/BLQ-11 Long-term Mine
Reconnaissance System (LMRS), 3-129
3.17 Boeing Advanced Information Systems 3-133
3.18 Sonatech 3-135
3.19 BAE Systems Underwater Systems 3-135
3.20 Gunsmith Jerry Baber 3-136
3.21 IVTT Program Intelligent Vehicle Robot Hops Over Walls 3-137
3.21.1 Robotic Technology Precision Urban Hopper 3-139
3.21.2 Robotic Technology Robot 3-139
4. MILITARY ROBOT TECHNOLOGY 4-1
4.1 Military Robot Enabling Technology 4-1
4.2 Intel Integrated Circuit Evidence-Based Innovation 4-3
4.2.1 Open Robotic Control Software 4-5
4.2.2 Military Robot Key Technology 4-6
4.2.3 PC-Bots 4-10
4.2.4 Visual Simultaneous Localization & Mapping 4-10
4.3 Advanced Robot Technology: Navigation, Mobility, And Manipulation 4-11
4.3.1 Robot Intelligence Systems 4-11
4.3.2 Real-World, Dynamic Sensing 4-12
4.4 User-Friendly Interfaces 4-12
4.4.1 Tightly-Integrated, Electromechanical Robot Design 4-13
4.5 Field Based Robotics Iterative Development 4-14
4.5.1 Next-Generation Products Leverage Model 4-15
4.5.2 Modular Robot Structure And Control 4-15
4.5.3 Lattice Architectures 4-16
4.5.4 Chain / Tree Architectures 4-16
4.5.5 Deterministic Reconfiguration 4-16
4.5.6 Stochastic Reconfiguration 4-17
4.5.7 Modular Robotic Systems 4-17
4.6 Intel Military Robot Cultivating Collaborations 4-18
4.7 Hitachi Configuration Of Robots Using The SuperH Family 4-18
4.7.1 Hitachi Concept of MMU And Logic Space 4-19
4.7.2 Robotic Use of Thin Film Lithium-Ion Batteries 4-23
4.8 Network Of Robots And Sensors 4-24
4.8.1 Sensor Networks Part Of Research Agenda 4-25
4.8.2 Light Sensing 4-26
4.8.3 Acceleration Sensing 4-27
4.8.4 Chemical Sensing 4-27
4.9 Military Robot Technology Functions 4-27
4.10 Carbon Nanotube Radio 4-28
4.11 Military Robot Funded Programs 4-30
4.11.1 Future Combat System (FCS) Program Transitions to Army Brigade Combat Team Modernization 4-30
4.11.2 XM1216 Small Unmanned Ground Vehicle (SUGV) 4-32
4.11.3 UUV Sub-Pillars 4-33
4.11.4 Hovering Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (HAUV) 4-36
4.11.5 Alliant 4-36
4.11.6 ATSP is a Government-Wide Contracting Vehicle 4-38
4.11.7 Quick, efficient contracting vehicle 4-38
4.11.8 Facilitates Technology And Insertion Into Fielded Systems 4-38
4.11.9 Access to all Northrop Grumman sectors 4-39
4.12 iRobot Technology 4-39
4.12.1 iRobot AWARE Robot Intelligence Systems 4-39
4.12.2 iRobot Real-World, Dynamic Sensing. 4-40
4.12.3 iRobot User-Friendly Interface 4-40
4.12.4 iRobot Tightly-Integrated Electromechanical Design. 4-41
4.13 Evolution Robotics Technology Solutions 4-42
4.13.1 Evolution Robotics Example Applications 4-44
4.14 NASA Exploratory Robots 4-45
4.14.1 NASA Spirit Robot 4-46
4.14.2 NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit 4-48
4.14.3 Sample NASA Sprit Sol-By-Sol Summary: 4-50
4.14.3 Opportunity Update 4-51
4.14.4 NASA Opportunity Sol-By-Sol Summary 4-52
4.14.5 NASA Opportunity Robot 4-54
4.15 Remote Controlled Robot Missions 4-55
4.15.1 Auto-Navigation System Takes Pictures Of The Nearby Terrain 4-59
4.15.2 Mars Robotic Rovers Spirit And Opportunity 4-61
4.16 Self-Reproducing Machines 4-62
4.16.1 M-TRAN Modular Transformer 4-62
4.16.2 Attitude Control In Space By Control Moment Gyros 4-63
5. MILITARY ROBOT COMPANY PROFILES 5-1
5.1 American Reliance Inc. (AMREL) 5-1
5.1.1 Amrel Field Expedient Robot Controls Interoperability 5-2
5.1.2 Amrel Small-Footprint, Highly Integrated, Rugged Mobile Computing Solutions 5-2
5.2 BAE Systems 5-2
5.2.1 BAE Systems Ant Size Robot 5-3
5.2.2 BAE Personal Robots 5-5
5.2.3 BAE Systems Large UGV 5-5
5.3 Boston Dynamics 5-5
5.4 Doosan Infracore / Bobcat Company 5-6
5.5 General Dynamics 5-7
5.5.1 General Dynamics Combat Autonomous Mobility System (CAMS) 5-7
5.5.2 General Dynamics $60 Million Contract by U.S. Air Force for Mission Operations Support 5-8
5.5.3 General Dynamics Revenue 5-9
5.5.4 General Dynamics Business Group Revenue 5-10
5.5.5 General Dynamics Combat Systems Awards 5-13
5.5.6 General Dynamics Land Systems $24
Million Contract To Supply Commanders Remote
Operated Weapons 5-13
5.5.7 General Dynamics Canadian Government's LAV III Upgrade Program 14
5.5.8 General Dynamics U.S. Military Vehicle Business 5-15
5.6 Gostai 5-16
5.7 iRobot 5-16
5.7.1 iRobot Home Robots 5-17
5.7.2 iRobot Government and Industrial Robots 5-17
5.7.3 iRobot Locations 5-17
5.7.4 iRobot Military Programs 5-17
5.7.5 iRobot Revenue 5-19
5.7.6 iRobot Geographic Information 5-25
5.7.7 iRobot Significant Customers 5-25
5.7.8 iRobot Description 5-25
5.7.9 iRobot Industry Segment, Geographic Information and Significant Customers 5-27
5.7.10 iRobot Home Robots 5-27
5.7.11 iRobot Government and Industrial 5-27
5.7.12 iRobot Geographic Information 5-32
5.7.13 iRobot Home Robot Division Revenue And Units Shipped 5-33
5.7.14 iRobot Government And Industrial Division 5-34
5.7.15 iRobot Strategy 5-36
5.7.16 iRobot Government and Industrial Products 5-38
5.7.17 iRobot Home Robots 5-42
5.7.18 iRobot Government & Industrial Robots 5-42
5.7.19 iRobot Partners and Strategic Alliance 5-43
5.7.20 iRobot / Boeing Company 5-43
5.7.21 iRobot / Advanced Scientific Concepts 5-43
5.7.22 iRobot / TASER International, 5-44
5.8 Kongsberg 5-44
5.8.1 Increased Scope of Kongsberg CROWS II Framework Agreement 5-45
5.8.2 Kongsberg Ownership 5-45
5.8.3 Kongsberg Manufacturing locations 5-46
5.8.4 Kongsberg Operations Revenue 5-47
5.8.5 Kongsberg Employees 5-47
5.9 Lockheed Martin 5-48
5.9.1 Lockheed Martin Defense Department Positioning 5-49
5.10 Northrop Grumman 5-53
5.10.1 Northrop Grumman Remotec Robots 5-54
5.11 Qinetiq / Foster-Miller 5-55
5.11.1 QinetiQ UK MOD and the US DoD provide target markets 5-56
5.11.2 QinetiQ Revenue 2005-2009 5-58
5.11.3 QinetiQ North America 5-61
5.11.4 QinetiQ Revenue 5-64
5.11.5 QinetiQ UK 5-66
5.11.6 QinetiQ North America 5-66
5.11.7 QinetiQ Autonomy and Robotics 5-67
5.11.8 QinetiQ Group Revenues 5-68
5.11.9 QinetiQ Business Review Governance 5-70
5.11.10 QinetiQ Revenue By Customer 5-71
5.11.11 QinetiQ North America 5-73
5.12 QinetiQ North America / Foster-Miller 5-75
5.12.1 QinetiQ North America / Foster-Miller 5-77
5.12.2 QinetiQ Common Robotic Controller (CRC) 5-77
5.12.3 QinetiQ North America World-Class Technology 5-78
5.12.4 QinetiQ North America Technology Solutions Group 5-79
5.13 Robotic Technology Inc. 5-79
5.13.1 RTI Energetically Autonomous Tactical Robot (EATR) Project 5-80
5.13.2 RTI Intelligent Vehicle Technology Transfer (IVTT) Program 5-81
5.13.3 Robotic Technology Precision Urban Hopper 5-84
5.13.4 Robotic Technology Robot 5-85
5.14 Telerob 5-85
5.14.1 Telerob - EOD / IEDD Equipment,
EOD Robots and Vehicles 5-86
5.14.2 TEODor Heavy Duty Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Robot 5-87
5.14.3 Telerob Telemax High-Mobility EOD Robot 5-88
5.14.4 Telerob EOD / IEDD service vehicles 5-88
5.14.5 Telerob's Electrical Force-Reflecting-Manipulators (FRMs) 5-91
5.14.6 American Crane and Equipment Corp and Telerob Partnership 5-92
5.15 Versa / Allen-Vanguard 5-93
5.15.1 Allen Vanguard Trading Suspended on Stock 5-94
5.15.2 Allen Vanguard HAL® EOD/IEDD/ Search Tasks Hook and Line System 5-96
5.15.3 Versa / Allen Vanguard Equinox I 5-99
5.15.4 Versa / Allen Vanguard Field Test Set 5-100
5.15.5 Allen-Vanguard Revenue 5-100
5.16 VIA Technologies 5-103
5.16.1 VIA Technologies Complete Platform Provider 5-104
5.16.2 VIA Technologies Market Leadership 5-104
5.16.3 VIA Technologies Global Operations 5-105
5.16.4 VIA Technologies Meeting the Market Challenge 5-106
5.16.5 VIA Technologies Dynamic Fabless Business Model 5-107
5.17 Selected Manufacturers of Military Robots 5-107
5.18 Government Agencies and Other Organisations
Using Military Robots 5-111
5.18.1 RTI Intelligent Vehicle Technology Transfer (IVTT) Program 5-114
6. MILITARY ROBOT CONTRACTS 6-1
6.1.1 SPAWAR 6-2
6.1.2 Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal 6-3
6.1.3 Future Combat Systems Program Cuts 6-3
6.1.4 U.S. Army Small Unmanned Ground Vehicle (SUGV) 6-4
6.2 GCV Created Due To Termination Of The Future
Combat Systems And Its Former Manned Ground Vehicles 6-4
6.2.1 Army To End Robotic Vehicle, Aircraft Efforts 6-6
6.2.2 MULE Termination 6-7
6.2.3 Armed Robotic Vehicle Assault (Light) Continuation 6-9
6.2.4 Robotic Systems Chartered by JPO 6-10
6.2.5 U.S. Army Small Unmanned Ground Vehicle 6-11
6.3 Selected US 2010 Military Budget for Robotics 6-13
6.3.1 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA Tactical Teams 6-13
6.3.2 Predator Drones 6-13
6.3.3 DARPA Budget for Robust Robotics,2010 6-14
6.3.4 Robust Robotics FY 2008 Accomplishments: 6-15
6.3.5 Robust Robotics FY Accomplishments 2009: 6-16
6.3.6 Robust Robotics FY 2010 Plans: Accomplishments 6-16
6.3.7 Cognitive Networking Use of Military Robotics 6-17
6.3.8 Local Area Network Droids (LANdroids) 6-19
6.3.9 Brood of Spectrum Supremacy (BOSS) Effort 6-20
6.3.10 Situation-Aware Protocols in Edge
Network Technologies (SAPIENT) 6-21
6.3.11 Local Area Network droids (LANdroids) 6-22
6.3.12 Brood of Spectrum Supremacy (BOSS) 6-23
6.3.13 Recognize Improvised Explosive Devices and Report (RIEDAR) 6-25
6.3.14 Crosshairs 6-26
6.3.15 Counter Improvised Explosives Laboratories (CIEL) 6-27
6.3.16 Vulcan 6-28
6.3.17 BioRobotics and BioMechanics 6-29
6.3.18 Front-end Robotics Enabling Near-term
Demonstration (FREND) 6-30
6.4 Military and First Responder Development Programs 6-32
6.4.1 Multi Dimensional Mobility Robot (MDMR) Spending 6-32
6.5 Customers For Government Robotic Products,
And Research And Development Contracts: 6-35
6.5.1 General Dynamics Land Systems $24 Million Contract To Supply Commanders Remote Operated Weapons 6-36
6.5.2 Kongsberg and General Dynamics co-producing CROWS and CROWS II 6-36
6.5.3 General Dynamics Awarded $24 Million to Provide Remote Weapon Systems That Protect Tank Commanders 6-37
6.5.4 Kongsberg 6-38
6.5.5 Vulcan Unmanned Maritime Vehicle (UMV)
And Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) Programs 6-39
6.5.6 DARPA End-To-End Unmanned Vehicle System Solution 6-41
6.5.7 Unmanned Vehicles UMV and UGV Submarkets 6-42
6.5.8 Allen-Vanguard Spares For Symphony Electronic Counter Measures (ECM) Program 6-45
6.6 Military / Government and University Agencies 6-46
6.7 Military Robots Contracts 6-50
6.7.1 Talon 6-50
6.7.2 American Reliance Solution Found for Battlefield Robot Control Problem 6-50
6.7.3 QinetiQ NA Ships First-Responder Robots to Navy 6-51
6.7.4 iRobot Wins $3.75M Army Contract to
Develop Warrior Robot 6-52
6.7.5 iRobot Wins $286 Million U.S. Army Contract 6-53
6.7.6 Counter Radio-Controlled Improvised Explosive Device Electronic Warfare Spiral 3 systems ("CREW3" 6-54
6.7.7 U.S. Army Has Agreed To Buy Up To 7,500
Electronic Bomb Jammer Systems From Its Partner
Lockheed Martin Allen-Vanguard 6-54
6.7.8 Jan. 31, 2008 Allen-Vanguard Confirms
U.S. Department of Defense Intent To Establish an IDIQ Contract For Up to
7,500 Symphony IED Countermeasure Systems 6-55
6.7.9 iRobot 6-56
6.7.10 iRobot Order for Six Seagliders™ from the
University of Western Australia 6-58
6.7.11 iRobot Corp. (Nasdaq: IRBT) Order Totaling
$16.8 million from the U.S. Army Program Eecutive
Office for Simulation, Training, and Instrumentation (PEO STRI) 6-59
6.7.12 General Dynamics Combat Autonomous Mobility System (CAMS) 6-60
6.7.13 Robotic Technology Robot 6-60
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Axles Vanguard
Axles Vanguard
 When i took my motor-home to the mechanic and back, the gauge went to H (hot)? anyone got any tips? When i took my motorhome to the mechanic and back, the gauge went to H (hot)? anyone got any tips? The RV was parked in storage for a good 7 months. When i took drove it home, there was no problem. When i went to get an inspection done for the RV, the gauge went from C--------H (hot) it always keeps going back down and back up. Anyone have any tips so i don't spend $1000 on a simple problem? It would really be appreciated a lot. It is a Chevrolet 36 feet vanguard motor-home. V8 7.4L, tri-axle. Check the following; |
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Toyota Land Cruiser
Chronology
Prehistory
In 1941 the Imperial Japanese Army occupied the Philippines, where they obtained a Bantam Mk II, and promptly brought it to Japan. The Japanese military authorities commanded Toyota to make a similar vehicle but to not model the appearance on the American Jeep. The prototype was called the Model AK and was formally adopted by The Japanese Imperial Army as the Yon-Shiki Kogata Kamotsu-Sha ( The Imperial era 2604th model compact cargo-truck ).
Later in 1941 the Japanese government asked Toyota to produce a light truck for the Japan military campaign. Toyota developed a 1/2 ton prototype called the AK10 in 1942. The AK10 was built using reverse-engineering from the Bantam GP. There are no known surviving photographs of the AK10. The only known pictorial representations are some rough sketches. The truck featured an upright front grille, flat front wheel arches that angled down and back like the FJ40, headlights mounted above the wheel arches on either side of the radiator and a folding windshield.
The AK10 used the 2259 cc, 4-cylinder Type C engine from the Toyota Model AE sedan with a three-speed manual transmission and two-speed transfer gearbox connected to it. There is no mechanical relationship between the AK10 and the postwar Toyota "Jeep" BJ. Most of the AK10's were not actively used (unlike the U.S. Jeep) and there are almost no photographs of it in the battlefield.
BJ and FJ
BJ and FJ
Production
1951-1955
Assembly
ARACO
Yoshiwara, Aichi, Japan
Body style(s)
2-door Softtop
Layout
FR layout
Engine(s)
3.4 L I6 B petrol
3.9 L I6 F petrol
Wheelbase
2,650 mm (104.3 in)
1950 - The Korean War created demand for a military light utility vehicle. The war put a Jeep on Japan's doorstep. The United States government ordered 100 vehicles with the new Willys specs and Toyota was asked to build them.
1951 - The Toyota "Jeep" BJ prototype was developed in January 1951. This came from the demand for military-type utility vehicles, much like the British Land Rover Series 1 that appeared in 1948. The Jeep BJ was larger than the original U.S. Jeep and more powerful thanks to its Type B 3.4-liter six-cylinder OHV Gasoline engine which generated 85 hp (63 kW) at 3600 rpm and 215 Nm (159 lbft) torque at 1600 rpm. It had a part-time four-wheel drive system like the Jeep. Unlike the Jeep, however, the Jeep BJ had no low-range transfer case.
1951 - In July 1951, Toyota's test driver Ichiro Taira drove the next generation of the Jeep BJ prototype up to the sixth stage of Mount Fuji, the first vehicle to climb that high. The test was overseen by the National Police Agency (NPA). Impressed by this feat, the NPA quickly placed an order for 289 of these offroad vehicles, making the Jeep BJ their official patrol car.
1953 - Regular production of the "Toyota Jeep BJ" began at Toyota Honsya Plant (Rolling chassis assembly), and body assembly and painting was done at Arakawa Bankin Kogyo KK, later known as ARACO (now an affiliate of Toyota Auto Body Co.). The "Toyota Jeep BJ" Series was introduced alongside the following:
BJ-T (Touring),
BJ-R (Radio),
BJ-J (Cowl-chassis for a fire-engine).
1954 - The name "Land Cruiser" was created by the technical director Hanji Umehara. "In England we had another competitor - Land Rover. I had to come up with a name for our car that would not sound less dignified than those of our competitors. That is why I decided to call it 'Land Cruiser'," he recalls.
1954 - The 125 hp, 3.9-liter Type F gasoline engine added for the fire-engine chassis. Models are renamed as:
BJ-T (Touring),
BJ-R (Radio),
BJ-J (Cowl-chassis for a fire-engine),
FJ-J (Cowl-chassis for a fire-engine).
20 Series
20 Series
Production
1955-1960
Assembly
ARACO
Yoshiwara, Aichi, Japan
Body style(s)
2-door Softtop
2-door Hardtop
2-door pickup truck
4-door Station wagon
Layout
FR layout
Engine(s)
3.9 L I6 F petrol
Wheelbase
2,710 mm (106.7 in)
1955 - The Second generation, 20 Series was introduced. It was designed to have more civilian appeal than the BJ for export reasons. It also had more stylish bodywork and a better ride thanks to longer four-plate leaf springs which had been adapted from the Toyota Light Truck. It had a more powerful 3.9-liter six-cylinder Type F gasoline engine. The interior of the vehicles were made more comfortable by moving the engine 120 mm (4.7 in) forward. The 20 Series still had no low range, but it had synchromesh on the third and fourth gears.
1958 - The first Station wagon Land Cruiser was introduced with an even longer 2,650 mm (104.3 in) wheelbase (the FJ35V; wagon and van). The FJ25 production started in Brazil being the first Toyota vehicle built outside Japan.
1957 - A 4-door Station Wagon was added as the FJ35V. Land Cruisers were first imported into Australia by B&D Motors as FJ25/28 cab chassis with Australian made bodies. They were the first Japanese cars to be regularly exported to the country and were initially used in the Snowy Mountains Hydroelectric Scheme.
40 Series
40 Series
Also called
Toyota Macho (Venezuela)
Production
1960-1984
Assembly
ARACO
Yoshiwara,Aichi, Japan
Body style(s)
2-door Softtop
2-door Hardtop
2-door pickup truck
4-door Station wagon
Layout
FR layout
Engine(s)
3.0 L I6 B diesel
3.9 L I6 F petrol
4.2 L I6 2F petrol
3.6 L I6 H diesel
Wheelbase
90 in (2286 mm)
Length
151.2 in (3840.5 mm)
Width
65.6 in (1666.2 mm)
Height
Softtop 76.8 in (1950.7 mm)
Hardtop 78.8 in (2001.5 mm)
Curb weight
Softtop 3,263 lb (1,480 kg)
Hardtop 3,427 lb (1,554 kg)
Fuel capacity
18.5 US gallons
Main article: Toyota FJ40
1960 - The 20 Series was upgraded to the now classic 40. Toyota made many production changes by buying new steel presses. Mechanically, the FJ40 was given a new 125 hp, 3.9 liter F engine and the Land Cruiser finally received low-range gearing. The Brazilian model was rebadged the Bandeirante and received a Mercedes-Benz built Diesel engine generating 78 hp.
1965 - Global production surpassed 50,000 vehicles.
The Land Cruiser was the best selling Toyota in the United States.
1968 - The 100,000th Land Cruiser was sold worldwide.
1972 - The 200,000th Land Cruiser was sold worldwide.
1973 - The 300,000th Land Cruiser was sold worldwide.
The first diesel Land Cruiser was introduced for export on long wheelbase models with a six-cylinder H engine[citation needed].
1974 - A four-cylinder 3.0-liter B diesel was offered. The introduction of this engine boosted sales in Japan by putting the Land Cruiser in a lower tax compact Freight-car category than its 3.9-liter gasoline version. Note: the new B diesel engine was different from the B gasoline engine used in the original BJ.
1975 - The 3.9-liter gasoline engine was replaced by a larger, more powerful 4.2-liter 2F unit.
The FJ55 received front disc brakes.
1976 - United States-version FJ40 Land Cruisers received front disc brakes like the FJ55.
The Toyota Land Cruiser Association was founded in California.
1977 - The Irish Army took delivery of the first of 77 FJ45 Land Cruisers. Although fast, reliable and with good off-road performance the type tended to rust excessively in the wet Irish climate. A few which did not succumb to the effects of weather were repainted in gloss olive green and survive as ceremonial gun tractors at military funerals.
1978 - The first BJ / FJ40 and FJ55 models were officially sold in West Germany with both diesel (BJ40) and petrol engines (FJ40 /55).
1979 - United States-version FJ40s were updated this year with a new wider, square bezel surrounding the headlights.
Power steering and cooler were offered in FJ40s for the first time.
The diesel engine was improved, evolving into the 3.2-liter 2B only in Japan.
The 3.6-liter H diesel engine was optional in some markets.
1981 - the Diesel version received front disc brakes and the more powerful 3.4-liter 3B engine.
50 Series
50 Series
Production
1967-1980
Assembly
ARACO
Yoshiwara, Aichi, Japan
Body style(s)
4-door station wagon
Layout
Front engine four-wheel drive
Engine(s)
3.9 L I6 F petrol
4.2 L I6 2F petrol
Transmission(s)
3 or 4-speed manual (J30, H41 or H42)
Wheelbase
2,710 mm (106.7 in)
Length
4,673 mm (184.0 in)
Width
1,710 mm (67.3 in)
Height
1,864 mm (73.4 in)
1967 - Production of the FJ55 began. The FJ55 was a 4-door station wagon version based on the FJ40's Drive-train, replacing the 4-Door FJ45V (I). It was colloquially known as the "Moose". It has also been referred to as a pig or an iron pig. The FJ55 had a longer wheelbase 2710 mm and was designed to be sold in North America and Australia.
Jan 1975 saw the F engine replaced by the 2F engine. Unusually for Toyota, the model (eg FJ55) did not change.
Model 56 is in Japan only, with 2F engine ( Jan. 1975 - Jul. 1980 ).
60 Series
60 Series
Also called
Toyota Samurai (Venezuela)
Production
1980-1990
Assembly
ARACO
Yoshiwara, Aichi, Japan
Body style(s)
4-door station wagon
Layout
Front engine, four-wheel drive
Engine(s)
3.4 L I4 3B diesel
3.4 L I4 13B-T diesel turbo
4.2 L I6 2F petrol
4.0 L I6 3F petrol
4.0 L I6 2H diesel
4.0 L I6 12H-T diesel turbo
4.2 L I6 1HZ diesel
4.2 L I6 1HD-T diesel turbo
Transmission(s)
4-speed manual H41F or H42F
4-speed automatic A440F
5-speed manual H55F (non-US)
Wheelbase
2,730 mm (107.5 in)
Length
4,675 mm (184.1 in)
Width
1,800 mm (70.9 in)
Height
1,750 mm (68.9 in)
The original Toyota Land Cruiser FJ 60 was available for purchase from 1981 through 1987. It is a front engine four door wagon which has available seating of five to seven. It is well known in the off-roading community for it's tremendous 4X4 capabilities, despite being somewhat limited by its poor departure angle. The FJ 60 was offered in the following solid exterior colors: Alpine White, Brown, Desert Beige, Freeborn Red, Royal Blue; and in the following metallic exterior colors: Charcoal Gray, Cognac, Gray-Blue, Rootbeer, Sky Blue, Stardust Silver. In contrast to the FJ 62, the FJ 60 exhibits the classic round Land Cruiser headlights which are replicated now on the retro-style FJ Cruiser.
1980 - The 60 series was introduced. While still retaining the rugged off-road characteristics of previous Land Cruisers, the 60 was designed to better compete in the emerging sport utility vehicle market. The 60 was given a variety of comforts like air conditioning, a rear heater and an upgraded interior. The FJ60's "2F" petrol engine was left unchanged from the "40" series while six-cylinder 4.0 litre 2H and four-cylinder 3.4 litre 3B diesel engines were added to the product line.
1981 - Land Cruiser sales surpassed 1 million and a high-roof version was introduced. The 60 was introduced to South Africa when a stock Land Cruiser competed in the Toyota 1000 km Desert Race in the punishing wilds of Botswana.
1984 - This was the final year for the 40. Specialist suppliers of aftermarket parts and restorers who return old FJ40s to better-than-new condition replace Toyota dealers as the main source of Land Cruiser expertise.
1984 - Alongside the 60, the Toyota Land Cruiser 70 Series were introduced.
1985 - The Direct-injection 12H-T and 13B-T turbodiesel engine were introduced.
1988 - The petrol engine was upgraded to a 4.0-litre 3F-E EFI engine. The FJ62G VX-Series was introduced allowing the Land Cruiser to be sold in Japan as a passenger vehicle.
1990 - The 80 series station wagon was introduced, replacing the 60. The 80 was initially offered with a choice of three engines; the 3F-E six-cylinder petrol engine, a six-cylinder the 1HZ diesel and 1HD-T direct injection turbodiesel.
1990 - All 80s sold in North America and Europe now have a full-time four-wheel drive system. In Japan, Africa and Australia, a part-time system was still available. 80s produced between 1990 and 1991 had an open centre differential which was lockable in 4HI and automatically locked in 4LO. From 1992 onward, vehicles with anti-lock brakes had a viscous coupling that sent a maximum of 30% torque to the non-slipping axle. The differential was lockable in 4HI and automatically locked in 4LO.
Toyota Land Cruiser facelift (U.S.)
19871990 Toyota Land Cruiser (FJ62RG) GX (Australia)
70 Series
70 Series
Also called
Toyota Machito [2 Doors model](Venezuela)
Production
1984-Present
Assembly
ARACO
Yoshiwara,Aichi, Japan
Body style(s)
2-door pickup truck
2-door softtop / hardtop / troopie
4-door van
Layout
Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Engine(s)
4.0 L I6 3F petrol
4.5 L I6 1FZ petrol
4.2 L I6 1HD diesel turbo
4.2 L I6 1HZ diesel
2.4 L I4 2L diesel
2.4 L I4 2L-T diesel turbo
3.4 L I5 PZ diesel
3.4 L I4 13B-T diesel turbo
2.4 L I4 22R petrol
4.5 L V8 1VD diesel turbo
Transmission(s)
5-speed manual
Wheelbase
2,980 mm (117.3 in)
Length
4,995 mm (196.7 in)
Width
1,415 mm (55.7 in)
Height
2,070 mm (81.5 in)
Fuel capacity
1 or 2 90-litre tanks each
Main article: Toyota Land Cruiser 70 Series
BJ74 Mid wheel base FRP-top 3.4D-T LX (Japan)
HZJ75LV Troop Carrier 4.2D
HZJ79R Cab-chassis 4.2D
New South Wales Rural Fire Service Toyota Land Cruiser Personnel carrier
1984 - 70 Series was introduced. 70Heavy as a soft-top, hard-top, FRP top, utility, cab-chassis, and Troop Carrier (inward facing rear seats).The petrol engine was replaced with a 4.0-litre 3F engine. The 70 Light had a four-wheel coil spring solid-axle suspension for better ride quality. This lighter duty version of the Land Cruiser had the 22R 2.4-litre gasoline engine, 2L and 2L-T ( turbo ) 2.4-litre diesel engines commonly found in the Toyota Hilux. The 70 Light was sold in some markets as the Bundera or the Landcruiser II, later called 70 Prado. The 70 Prado eventually became popular and evolved into the 90. An automatic transmission (A440F) was introduced making it the first four-wheel drive Japanese vehicle with an automatic transmission.
1990 - New-generation diesel engines were introduced including a five-cylinder SOHC naturally aspirated motor (1PZ),and a six-cylinder SOHC naturally aspirated motor (1 HZ).
1993 to 1996 - the KZ 3 litre turbocharged diesel engine replaced the LJ in the 70 series in European markets where this model was known as the KZJ70.
1993 - An advanced 24-valve, 4.5-litre six-cylinder petrol engine, 1FZ-FE was introduced.
1999 - Toyota updated the 70 series in several ways. The solid front axle received coil-spring suspension. The rear leaf springs were lengthened for increased ride comfort and wheel travel. The six-bolt wheels were replaced with five-bolt wheels. Several smaller modifications to the drivetrain provided increased durability. The long-wheel-base models received new designations: 78 for the troop carrier, and 79 for the pick-up.
2002 - HDJ79 is introduced to Australia with the 1HD-FTE 4.2-litre six-cylinder 24-valve turbodiesel EFI engine.
2007 - Toyota's first turbodiesel V8 engine, the 1VD-FTV was released in some countries for the 70 Series Land Cruiser. Other modifications include the addition of a 4-door medium-wheel-base model (the 76) and a significantly altered front look on all models.
The Sixth and Seventh generations of the Land Cruiser are still being produced and sold in African and Latin American regions, Venezuela is one of them, the Sixth generation is sold under the nickname of "Machito"(MACHO in Spanish is a very strong man, MACHITO is his son) and the Seventh being nicknamed "Autana" (After a mountain in the Gran Sabana region of Venezuela). NOTE: Production of the seventh generation of the Land Cruiser in Venezuela ended in 2008.
The 70 series (6th generation) is also still marketed in Australia as 4-door medium wheelbase, 2-door 'Troop Carrier' and 2-door utility.
80 Series
80 Series
Also called
Toyota Burbuja (Colombia Ver.)
Toyota Autana
Lexus LX
Production
1990-1997
Assembly
ARACO
Toyota City, Aichi, Japan
Cuman, Venezuela
Body style(s)
4-door SUV
Layout
Front engine / four-wheel drive
Engine(s)
4.0 L I6 3F petrol
4.5 L I6 1FZ petrol
4.2 L I6 1HD diesel turbo
4.2 L I6 1HZ diesel
Transmission(s)
4-speed automatic
5-speed manual
Wheelbase
2,850 mm (112.2 in)
Length
4,780 mm (188.2 in) (1990-94)
4,820 mm (189.8 in) (1995-97)
Width
1,830 mm (72.0 in) (1990-91)
1,930 mm (76.0 in) (1992-97)
Height
1,785 mm (70.3 in) (1990-91)
1,860 mm (73.2 in) (1992-94)
1,870 mm (73.6 in) (1995-97)
The Land Cruiser 80 series was introduced in late 1989. It had swing-out back doors, which were replaced by a winch door in 1995. The Land Cruiser was nicknamed the Burbuja (Bubble) in Colombia and Venezuela due to its roundness, but it was officially released as Land Cruiser Autana in both countries (In reference to Venezuelan Tepuys).
A 80 Series Land Cruiser
with swing-out back-doors
( Model HZJ81V Japan)
1995-1997 Toyota Land Cruiser (US)
1995-1997 Toyota Land Cruiser
with an electric winch
(HDJ81V Japan)
1990 - New-generation diesel engines were introduced, a six-cylinder SOHC naturally aspirated motor (1HZ) , and a six-cylinder SOHC turbo-charged engine (1HD-T). Land Cruiser sales reached 2 million vehicles. The 80 was introduced to the Australian market with two diesel and a four litre inline six-cylinder petrol carb engine 3F.(derived from the earlier 2F petrol motor from the 60 series.) By mid 1991 the 3FE was introduced which was a fuel injected version of the 3F.
1993 - An advanced 24-valve, 4.5-litre six-cylinder petrol engine, 1FZ-FE was introduced. Larger brakes were added from October 1992 and the total wheelbase was made slightly longer.Front and rear axle lockers (code k294) appeared as an option.
1994 - A limited edition Land Cruiser Blue Marlin FZJ80R was introduced into the Australian market. They have 4.5 L straight 6 petrol motors with double overhead cams, automatic or manual transmission and 158 kW (215 PS; 212 hp) at 4600 rpm. The car is blue from the Blue Marlin fish and they have the Blue Marlin logo throughout the car. Some of the features that the Blue Marlin included were altimeters, power windows, disk brakes, leather gear knob and steering wheel, central locking, leather trim, chrome handles and sidesteps, 16" alloy wheels, limited slip diff, ABS (antilock brakes), power steering, CD and cassette players, flares and a limited edition bull bar. Only 500 were made.
1995 - Driver and passenger airbags were introduced as were adjustable shoulder-belt anchors and an anti-lock braking system. The "T O Y O T A" badge was replaced with the modern Toyota logo (which is sometimes described as a "bean with a hat" aka "the sombrero").
1996 - In the Dakar Rally, a pair of Land Cruisers finished first and second in the unmodified production class. All American and British 80s adopted anti-lock brakes and airbags as standard equipment. Alongside the 70 and 80, the 90 Prado was added. The 90 Prado was made by Tahara Plant, available as a 3-door short wheelbase and 5-door long wheelbase version with either the 5VZ-FE petrol engine (24-valve six-cylinder, 3.4-litre), the 3RZ-FS (four-cylinder 2.7-litre) petrol engine or the 1KZ-TE turbodiesel (four-cylinder 3.0-litre) and 5L diesel(four-cylinder 3.0-litre). The Land Cruiser was withdrawn from Canada this year and was replaced by the Lexus LX.
1997- A limited run of Land Cruiser 80s was built specifically for collectors and therefore called the Land Cruiser Collector's Edition. The Collectors Edition sported Collectors Edition badging, "Collector's Edition" embroidered floor mats, automatic climate control, wheels with the "D" windows painted dark grey and special grey side moldings, and black pearl badging. The Collectors Edition was only available for the 1997 model year and the package was added to many of the available body colors.
1997- An unknown number of FZJ-80 Land Cruisers were sold in the United States as "40th Anniversary Limited Edition" models. They were available in 2 colours; Antique Sage Pearl (Often referred to as Riverrock, Pewter or Grey) and Emerald Green. The 40th Anniversary models included apron badging, a serial number badge on the centre console, black pearl exterior badges, "40th Anniversary Limited Edition" embroidered floor mats, automatic climate control, two-tone tan and brown leather interiors and wheels with the "D" windows painted dark gray. Many were manufactured with the optional electric front and rear locking differentials, keyless entry, port-installed roof racks and running boards. There are some examples that did not have many of these extras.
2008- Last 80-Series vehicle was built in Venezuela which was the only country producing the vehicles after production ended in Japan in 1997.
90 Series
90 Series
Also called
Toyota Mer (Venezuela)
Production
1996-present
90=Short wheel base
95=Long wheel base
100 Series
100 Series
Also called
Lexus LX,
Toyota Land Cruiser Amazon (UK 1998-2003)
Production
1998-2007
Assembly
ARACO
Yoshiwara, Aichi, Japan
Body style(s)
4-door SUV
Engine(s)
4.5 L I6 1FZ petrol
4.2 L I6 1HD diesel turbo
4.2 L I6 1HZ diesel
4.7 L V8 2UZ petrol
Transmission(s)
6-speed manual,
5-speed automatic
Wheelbase
2,850 mm (112 in)
Length
4,890 mm (193 in)
Width
1,941 mm (76.4 in)
Height
1,849 mm (72.8 in)
Curb weight
2,320 kg (5,100 lb)
Fuel capacity
80 l (21 US gal)
Toyota Land Cruiser (US)
19982002 Toyota Land Cruiser (FZJ105R) GXL.
1998 - Toyota introduced the 100 Land Cruiser to replace the 80.
At launch the UZJ100 featured the first eight-cylinder engine (4.7-litre 32-valve 2UZ-FE petrol engine) in a Toyota four wheel drive.
Other engines in non-US markets included the 1HD-FT/E turbodiesel.
For the first time in Land Cruiser history, the 100 Series featured independent front suspension for increased on-road handling. In Africa and certain other markets, Toyota offered a 105 model, which retained the solid front axle for more demanding off-road use.
The Land Cruiser won Australian 4WD Monthly's "4x4 Of The Year" award for the third time in a row.
It was called the Land Cruiser Amazon in the UK until 2003.
1999 - In 1999 Toyota worked with Sega to produce an advertising tie-in for the Land Cruiser 100/Cygnus and other vehicles using the Sega Dreamcast. These featured detailed 3D models of the cars and other promotional video.
2000 - 50th Anniversary of the Land Cruiser. Total global production to date is 3.72 million vehicles.
90 Prados get active traction control (Active TRAC), Vehicle Stability Control (VSC), and electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD) systems as standard equipment in some markets.
2002 - All new 120 Prado is released and the 100 is restyled.
The centre of gravity was lowered by 30 mm, ensuring better stability and dual fuel tanks with a total capacity of 180 L in the new 120 Prado.
Downhill Assist Control and Hill-start Assist Control enhance the vehicle's stability under difficult off-road conditions.
2007 - Toyota unveils the Lexus LX570 URJ200 at the 2007 New York Auto Show.
For model year 2007 on Japanese models only, G-Book, a subscription telematics service, is offered as an option.
200 Series
200 Series
Also called
Toyota Roraima (Venezuela)
Production
2008-present
Assembly
Toyota Auto body
Toyota City, Aichi, Japan
Tahara, Aichi Japan
Tianjin China
Body style(s)
4-door SUV
Layout
Front engine / four-wheel drive
Engine(s)
4.0 L V6 1GR petrol
2.7 L I4 2TR petrol
4.6 L V8 1UR petrol
5.7 L V8 3UR petrol
4.7 L V8 2UZ petrol
4.5 L V8 1VD diesel turbo
Transmission(s)
6-speed automatic
5-speed automatic
5-speed manual
Wheelbase
2,850 mm (112.2 in)
Length
4,950 mm (194.9 in)
Width
1,970 mm (77.6 in)
Height
1,880 mm (74.0 in)
Related
Lexus LX
The Toyota Land Cruiser was redesigned for 2008. Known as the 200 Series, it will share the 2008 Lexus LX's platform and overall design. Though many time-honored Land Cruiser supporters have welcomed the re-invigoration of the mechanical aspects of the vehicle, the 200 Series has encountered criticism due to its controversial body restyling, with some claiming that Toyota has 'overdeveloped' the classic trademarked Land Cruiser identity in its efforts to fit the Land Cruiser in to modern 21st century motoring. Toyota presented its completely redesigned Land Cruiser in October at the 2007 Australian International Motor Show in Sydney. The vehicle entered production in September and was available for sale in November 2007. Although the new Land Cruiser was presented at its first motor show in Sydney, it was already on sale in Japan, launched there in September 2007. It also became available in Venezuela for sale early in November under the local nickname of "Roraima" (Taken from Mount Roraima in Venezuela). The 200 Series is offered in three different levels of trim in Australia and Oceania:
GXL
VX
Sahara
The 200 Series, offered numerous features and upgrades over its predecessor not limited to the cosmetic changes made to the body and interior, including:
Smart Entry - A sensor is triggered when the remote is brought near the vehicle, allowing the user to simply touch the door handle to open it.
Smart Start - Start/Stop push button for ignition; a key is not required.
4-zone climate control on Sahara models, with outlet vents increased from 18 to 28
10 airbags (VX & Sahara)
Stronger and lighter frame
Various driver assist technologies not offered on previous models including:
CRAWL; a four-wheel drive control system that operates like an off-road cruise control, automatically maintaining a low uniform vehicle speed using brakes and throttle.
Downhill Assist Control
A newly developed ABS system, the multi-terrain anti-lock braking system (ABS)
Kinetic Dynamic Suspension System (KDSS), allows for greater wheel articulation
Engine and transmission improvements include:
An all new optional V8 Diesel engine, the Toyota VD engine (A Twin-turbo version of the engine used in the 70 Series since 2007).
Automatic transmission standard across all levels of trim of the 200 Series, 5-speed manual transmission is offered only with the 4.0L GX models (in selected regions). A five-speed automatic gearbox is assigned to the 4.7L petrol models, while the 4.5L diesel models receive a six-speed automatic.
Sales numbers
Calendar year
United States
2000
15,509
2001
7,591
2002
6,752
2003
6,671
2004
6,778
2005
4,870
2006
3,376
2007
3,251
2008
3,801
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Toyota Land Cruiser
Toyota FJ40
Toyota FJ Cruiser
Toyota Land Cruiser 70 Series
Toyota Land Cruiser Prado
Lexus LX
References
^ Autoweb Australia
^ "SPY PHOTOS: More New Toyota LandCruiser". Worldcarfans.com. 2007-02-13. http://www.worldcarfans.com/10702135056/spy-photos-more-new-toyota-landcruiser. Retrieved 2010-01-16.
^ GoAutoMedia (2008-04-05). "Lexus LX LX570 5-dr wagon - First drive: LX570 is the lap of Lexus SUV luxury". GoAuto. http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/story2/6A92D5E6237743F3CA25741E0004C020. Retrieved 2010-01-16.
^ "Toyota 200 Series LandCruiser - www.drive.com.au". Drive.com.au. 2008-01-11. http://www.drive.com.au/Editorial/ArticleDetail.aspx?ArticleID=47213. Retrieved 2010-01-16.
^ a b c The Story of Land Cruiser. Tokyo: 4x4 Magazine Co.. 1985. http://forum.ih8mud.com/fj25-owners-group/241941-toyota-historical-pictures-3.html.
^ "The Long Run Toyota: The first 40 years in Australia", Pedr Davis, South Hurstville: Type Forty Pty Ltd, 1999, ISBN 0-947079-908, p24.
^ "Land Cruisers from Japan". The Age: p. 1. September 20, 1957.
^ O'Kane, Tony (January 18, 2010). "2010 Toyota Landcruiser 76 Series GXL Wagon Road Test and Review". The Motor Report. http://www.themotorreport.com.au/48703/2010-toyota-landcruiser-76-series-gxl-wagon-road-test-and-review/. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
^ a b c d e f g "Toyota Vehicle Identification Manual", Toyota Motor Corporation, Overseas Parts Department, Catalog No.97913-84, 1984, Japan
^ "Toyota Mer" (in Spanish). http://www.toyota.com.ve/cars/new_cars/land_cruiser_90/index.asp. Retrieved 2010-01-10.
^ "Car cutaway: Toyota Land Cruiser (1998) | ModernOffroader.com USA : SUV / Crossover / Truck / Hybrid". Modernoffroader.com. 2009-05-06. http://www.modernoffroader.com/car-cutaway-toyota-land-cruiser-1998/289/. Retrieved 2009-12-12.
^ "Toyota Doricatch Series - Land Cruiser 100/Cygnus ( LAND CRUISER /CYGNUS)". SegaGaGa. 2007-08-17. http://www.segagagadomain.com/dreamcast-ntsc3/toyota-landcruiser.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
^ a b Toyota Japan 2009 Land Cruiser Prado
^ "Toyota Japan Land Cruiser (engine)" (in Japanese). 2009. http://toyota.jp/landcruiser/dynamism/engin/index.html. Retrieved 2009-06-17.
^ Toyota USA 2007 (2008 US model year) Land Cruiser press release
^ Toyota Japan 2009 Land Cruiser
^ "Toyota Sets Sales Record for Sixth Year in a Row". Theautochannel.com. http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2002/01/03/034042.html. Retrieved 2009-12-12.
^ "Toyota Announces Best Sales Year in Its 46-Year History, Breaks Sales Record for Eighth Year in a Row". Theautochannel.com. http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2004/01/05/175869.html. Retrieved 2009-12-12.
^ "Toyota Reports 2005 and December Sales". Theautochannel.com. 2006-01-04. http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2006/01/04/205039.html. Retrieved 2009-12-12.
^ "Toyota Reports 2007 and December Sales". Theautochannel.com. 2008-01-03. http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2008/01/03/074293.html. Retrieved 2009-12-12.
^ "Toyota Reports 2008 and December Sales". Theautochannel.com. 2009-01-05. http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2009/01/05/346214.html. Retrieved 2009-12-12.
External links
Official Toyota Land Cruiser site - UK (English)
Land Cruiser Club of Southern Africa (LCCSA)
Official Toyota Website
Toyota Land Cruiser Association (TLCA)
TLC SERIE-4 FRANCE -only 40 serie LANDCRUISER
Land Cruiser Heritage
A history of the Toyota Land Cruiser
Toyota Land Cruiser Reviews Specs | Images
Toyota Land Cruiser crossing Tungufljot on road F338. | Video
Australian 80 series
The German Land Cruiser Club
Toyota Land Cruiser Data Library
buschtaxi.org - biggest european website for Toyota Offroaders
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Toyota Motor Corporation
Marques
Toyota Lexus Scion Daihatsu Hino Subaru (FHI shareholder) Isuzu (shareholder) Yamaha (Yamaha shareholder)
Current vehicles
4Runner Allion Alphard Auris Aurion Avalon Avanza Avensis Aygo bB Belta/Vios Blade Camry Camry Hybrid Century Coaster Corolla Corolla Axio Corolla Fielder Corolla Rumion Corolla Verso Crown Athlete Crown Comfort Crown Hybrid Crown Majesta Crown Royal Dyna Estima/Previa Estima Hybrid FJ Cruiser Fortuner Harrier Harrier Hybrid Hiace Highlander Highlander Hybrid Hilux Hilux Surf/4Runner Hilux VIGO Innova Ipsum iQ Isis ist Kijang Kluger Kluger Hybrid Land Cruiser Land Cruiser Prado Liteace Mark X/Reiz Mark X ZiO Matrix Noah Passo Passo Sette Porte Premio Prius Probox Quick Delivery Ractis Raum RAV4 Regius Ace Rush Semibon Sequoia Sienna Sienta Soluna Vios Succeed Tacoma TownAce ToyoAce Tundra Urban Cruiser Vanguard Vellfire Venza Verso Vitz/Yaris Voxy WISH
Past vehicles
2000GT AA Allex Altezza Aristo Brevis Caldina Cami Camry Solara Carina Carina ED Celica Celica GT-Four Celsior Chaser Classic Corona Corona EXiV Corolla Ceres Corolla Spacio Corsa Cressida Cresta Curren Cynos FA/DA DA115 Duet Echo FJ40 Fun Cargo Gaia Granvia Grand Hiace Lexcen Mark II Mark II Blit Mark II Qualis Mega Cruiser MR2 MR-S Opa Origin Paseo Picnic Platz Progrs Pronard Publica Regius Revo Scepter Sports 800 SA Sera Soarer Sprinter Sprinter Marino Starlet Stout Supra T100 Tamaraw Tercel Tiara Van Verossa Vista Voltz WiLL Windom
Concept vehicles
1957 Sports Sports X 4500GT A-BAT Alessandro Volta Avalon AXV-IV CAL-1 Camry TS-01 Celica Cruising Deck Corona Sports Coupe CS&S eCom EX-1 EX-11 EX-3 EX-7 F101 F1/Ultimate Celica F3R Fine-N Fine-S Fine-X FT-86 FT-HS FT-SX FTX FX-1 FXV FXV-II FXS GTV Hybrid X i-swing i-unit Marinetta Marinetta 10 Motor Triathlon Race Car MP-1 NLSV PM Pod Project Go Publica Sports RSC RV-1 RV-2 Sport Sportivo Coupe Station Wagon Street Affair SV-1 SV-3 TAC3 VM180 Zagato X XYR
Engines Transmissions Manufacturing Facilities Hybrid Synergy Drive Toyota Racing Development Motorsports
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Toyota light truck timeline, North American market, 1980sresent (model years)
Type
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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Compact Crossover
RAV4
RAV4
RAV4
Compact SUV
4Runner
4Runner
FJ Cruiser
Mid-size Crossover
Highlander
Highlander
Mid-size SUV
4Runner
4Runner
4Runner
Full-size SUV
Land Cruiser
Land Cruiser
Land Cruiser
Land Cruiser
Sequoia
Sequoia
Minivan
Toyota Van
Previa
Sienna
Sienna
Pickup
Toyota Pickup
Toyota Pickup
Toyota Pickup
Tacoma
Tacoma
T100
Tundra
Tundra
Categories: Toyota vehicles | Off-road vehicles | SUVs | All wheel drive vehicles | 1950s automobiles | 1960s automobiles | 1970s automobiles | 1980s automobiles | 1990s automobiles | 2000s automobiles | Vehicles introduced in 1954Hidden categories: Articles with limited geographic scope | Articles needing cleanup from October 2007 | All pages needing cleanup | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from March 2009
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